Situated on posterior abdominal wall behind the peritoneum on left side of the vertebral column.
Superiorly they are at the level with the upper border of the twelfth thoracic vertebra, & inferiorly with the third lumbar vertebra.
kidney is about 11cm in length, 4-5cm in breadth and 3cm in anteroposterior dimension, left and right kidney weight is about 150 g, in females 135 g.
upper pole being about 2.5 cm and the lower 7.5 cm from the midline, left hilum is just above the transpyloric plane.
The presenting parts includes : 2 poles (superior and inferior), 2 surfaces (anterior and posterior), 2 borders (medial and lateral), A hilum, 4 capsules (Fibrous capsule, Perirenal, Renal fascia, Pararenal).
Functions of right kidney: excretion, endocrine,Control blood pressure, pH Levels
Clinical conditions invovling liver include: nephritis, pyelonephritis, tuberculosis of kidney, renal stone, renal tumours, renal oedema, hypertension, renal failure, polycystic kidney.
